The German Heart Foundation explains that angina pectoris is the main symptom of coronary artery disease. In this condition, the coronary arteries become narrowed, reducing the supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart. This oxygen deficiency in the heart muscle manifests as chest pain and tightness.
The pain can also radiate to the left shoulder and arms, and may be felt in the neck, back, upper abdomen, or even the teeth.
Typically, angina symptoms appear when the body is under physical stress, such as during exercise, climbing stairs, or exertion. However, in more severe cases, chest pain may occur even at rest or with minimal effort — a condition doctors refer to as unstable angina. This form is considered a warning sign of an impending heart attack, and immediate medical attention is essential.
Nitroglycerin Medication
Anyone experiencing an episode of angina should rest immediately. Nitroglycerin-based medicines can also be used, as they dilate blood vessels within one to three minutes.
The German Heart Foundation advises individuals prescribed such medication to carry it with them at all times and to follow these guidelines for use:
Nitroglycerin sprays should be applied under the tongue and can be repeated one to three times, with 30-second intervals between sprays.
Nitroglycerin capsules are designed to be chewed, and the contents should be kept in the mouth for as long as possible.
Possible side effects include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and flushing.
If chest pressure persists after taking the medication, emergency services must be called immediately. The same applies if the tightness or pain is much stronger than usual, as this may signal an imminent heart attack.
