Childhood obesity has become one of the most pressing public health issues of our time, with rates continuing to rise year after year. Despite this, many still view excess weight in children through a misleading social lens—believing that a “chubby child” is a healthy one. Medical evidence, however, paints a very different picture.
Excess weight in childhood does not necessarily reflect good health or proper growth. Instead, it may be an early indicator of physical and psychological problems that can extend well into adulthood, affecting a child’s quality of life and long-term wellbeing. Obesity is not merely a matter of appearance; it is a medical condition caused by excessive fat accumulation resulting from an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure. Over time, this seemingly small imbalance can evolve into a chronic condition.
Understanding the Causes of Childhood Obesity
There is no single cause behind childhood obesity; rather, it stems from a complex interplay of genetic, behavioural, psychological, and environmental factors.
Genetic factors: A child’s likelihood of gaining excess weight increases significantly when one or both parents are living with obesity.
Psychological and social factors: Some children turn to food as a response to stress, anxiety, or boredom. In certain cases, medications such as antidepressants may also contribute to weight gain.
Underlying health conditions: Though less common, hormonal disorders—such as hypothyroidism—or growth issues can lead to excessive weight gain.
Environmental factors: Modern lifestyle changes have made environmental influences one of the leading drivers of childhood obesity. Daily physical activity has declined as screen time has increased, replacing outdoor play and natural movement with prolonged periods of sitting. This lifestyle shift, combined with a high intake of fast food, sugary drinks, and processed snacks—and a low intake of fruits and vegetables—greatly heightens the risk of obesity.
Health and Psychological Implications
Childhood obesity extends far beyond weight gain. It has profound consequences for both physical and emotional health. Children with obesity face a higher risk of developing:
Type 2 diabetes
High blood pressure
Fatty liver disease
Obstructive sleep disorders
Early-onset heart disease
Excess weight also places additional strain on bones and joints, limiting mobility and physical activity.
Psychologically, children may experience shame, isolation, and bullying—factors that can deeply affect their self-esteem and body image. These challenges may predispose them to depression, anxiety, or eating disorders later in life. The danger of obesity lies in the way it affects both body and mind simultaneously.
Prevention Begins at Home
Preventing childhood obesity is a shared responsibility that starts within the family. Children learn more from what they observe than from what they are told. If they regularly see parents consuming fast food or sugary drinks, they are likely to adopt the same habits subconsciously. Therefore, improving the family’s overall diet is a crucial first step.
Balanced home-cooked meals rich in vegetables, fruits, and lean proteins—and lower in sugars and fried foods—help promote healthier eating habits. Equally important is avoiding the use of food as a reward or punishment, as this links eating to emotions rather than genuine physical needs.
Key preventive measures include:
Cultivating Nutritional Awareness
Engaging children in choosing ingredients and preparing meals can foster responsibility and encourage them to try healthier options. When children feel involved, they become more open to eating fresh fruits and vegetables, turning healthy eating from a chore into a positive habit.
Managing Screen Time and Encouraging Physical Activity
The World Health Organisation recommends limiting daily screen time to no more than two hours for children. Beyond that, children need ample opportunities for physical movement—not only through organised sports, but also everyday activities like walking, cycling, or playing outdoors. Even simple daily movement contributes to weight regulation and strengthens bones and heart health.
Providing Emotional Support and Positive Communication
Criticising or mocking a child for their weight is counterproductive and emotionally harmful. Positive communication and reassurance are essential; children need encouragement, understanding, and a supportive environment. Emotional support is the foundation of any successful health plan.
When Medical Intervention Becomes Necessary
In some cases, lifestyle changes alone may not be sufficient. Consulting a paediatrician or nutrition specialist becomes essential to assess the child’s condition and develop a tailored nutritional and activity plan. Regular monitoring ensures that the child receives all necessary nutrients without excessive calorie intake.
Towards a Healthier Future for Our Children
Childhood obesity is not an inevitable fate. With collective awareness—from families, schools, and communities—it can be prevented and managed effectively. Changing outdated beliefs that equate weight with health is crucial. True wellbeing lies in balance and moderation.
Building a healthier generation does not require strict deprivation or harsh routines; it depends on awareness, positive role modelling, and consistent adoption of balanced lifestyle habits that nurture both physical and mental growth. Every small step towards healthier eating and regular activity is an investment in our children’s wellbeing—and their future.
By: Dr Badreyya Al-Harmi, Public Health Consultant
